Internal combustion engine



Aug. 16, 1932. F. M. DAINTON 1 INTERNA COMBUSTION ENGINE y lNvENToR 2Sheets-Sheet l Filed Nov. 6, 1930 WITNESSES Patented Aug. 16, 1932 FFICEFRANCIS M. DAINTON, OF NEW YORK,A N. Yi., lASSIGu-NORl 0F ONE-IF-IIAIIFVTO ALFRED' ST. Y

. JAMES, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

INTERNAL COMBK'USTION EN .i

Application filed November 6,' 1930. VSerial No. 493,870.V

This invention relates to internal combustion engines, and moreparticularly to Diesel engines of the two-cycle type.

An object of the invention is to provide an engine having a stationaryblock enclosed in a rotary casing in which air is drawn through inletvalves in the casing, and compressed by the pistons in the block tosupply the necessary charge and scavenge the engine.

A further object is to provide an engine of this character in whichradially positioned pistons in the block have valves in their headswhich open on the extreme outward movement of the pistons, and admit airthrough the pistons to eject the burnt gases.

A Jfurther object is toprovide an engine such as above describedinVwhich an air inlet valve is located in alignment with the inner ends ofthe cylinders, which is opened by the action of the pistons whenpressure falls in the cylinders.

A further object is to provide an engine 01"' this character in whichthere is full and complete savenging and an entrapment. of pure air onthe inward strokes of the pistons.

A further object is to. provide an engine of this character in which theexhaust and scavenging take place when the pistons are near the outerends of their strokes, or what is commonly known as bottom dead center,and consequently only very small portions of the expansion andcompression strokes are lost.

A further object is to provide kan engine of this character in which theparts are balanced and symmetrical, and reciprocating motion of thepistons is transformed into rotary motion of the casing so that powermay be taken off at the bearing at one end of the casing and from theperiphery ot the casing.

In the accompanying drawings', Figure l is a view 1n longitudinalsection of my improved engine showing the pistons in liring position; jl

Figure 2 is a View in longitudinal section on a somewhat reduced scaleon the line 2 2 of Figure l;` v i Figure Bis a view inlongitudinalsection through the engine block, showing the pistons in their eXtremeoutward positions and illustrating the admission of air through theseveral ports, the view beingv more-or less diagrammatic; and f 1 Figure4 is a broken sectional view on the line H of Figure 3. l

My improved-engine comprises'an engine block, indicated as a whole bythe reference character A, which is of general circular forni, and hascylindrical enlargements l and y2 at its respective ends constitutingstubs on which cylindrical bearing sleeves; 3 and 4, respectively, of myimprovedcasing 'B are mounted to turn. v l

It is to be understood that the'block A is stationary and may berigidlysupported by suitableframe-work 5 at the endl of the enlar;ementv l, and a frame-work 6 may be provided at the opposite side ofthe engine having a bearing sleeve 7 inwh'ich the bearing sleevev 4turns. Y

T he engine block A is formedv with a series of (preferably four) radialbores constituting engine cylinders 8 in which working pistons 9 aremounted to reciprocate. fAs all of Y the cylinders andthe workingpistons and lco-operating elements of'all the-'cylinder units areprecisely alike, the same reference characters will be employed toindicate like parts in each ofr` the cylinder and piston assemblages. Y

The casing, indicated ence character B, comprises a central orintermediate annularl ring l() to whichv side plates l1 and 12 aresecured in any approved manner. The intermediate ring portion 10 of thecasing B is formed with an annular ingenerallyV by referternal lubricantchamber 13',V which has lcon- .o

verging flanges or walls 14 spaced apart to provide a slot 15all aroundthe casing and in open communication with the interior thereof.

Thisy ringl portion 10 of the casing B is formed with two spacedcircular series of Vpins 16 constituting racks. I would call particularattention to the construction of mounting for these pins 16 whichfacilitates their removal and replacement in the event of injury, and`assures a strongaiid durable structure. l n

The pins 16 are preferably made from a high grade steel, heat treated,hardened and ground full surface. They havea two-step taper and extendacross a groove 17in the- Y ring 10, said groove being connected bylu*Lio transnfiit'rotary motion to the casing bricant ducts 18 with thelubricant chamber 13. The two-step taper pin is-inserted in yplace by asnug driving fit and same held in ,place by a screwed dowel or pipeplug. 19.

The outer plates of the casing, 11 or 12 asrthe case may be', bearagainst the outerends o'f the pins and prevent any possibility of theirdisplacement, but in the event a pin is broken the casing plate may beremoved and.I a new pin inserted; Y i

Connecting rods 21 connect pins 422 carried by the pistons 9 with crankpins 23 connecting pairs of toothed wheels 24. These toothed wheels meshwith the racks formed'by the pins 16, but more specifically with theyrollers 2O carried by said pins, and a reciprocating motion of thepistons imparts rotary motion to -the toothed wheels 24, and theBlatterThe connecting rods 21 have longitudinal lubricant :ducts 25 thereinwhich communi- -cate withrbearing sleeves y.26 .and 27 on the pins 22and 23, respectively. The crank pins 23 have longitudinally extendinglubricant ducts-28 communicatingwithbearings 29 in the engine block A,in which axle stubs 30 on the toothed wheels 24 have rotary mountings.The extremity of the connecting rod .21 has an opening or entrance 31lfor the -luengine cylinders 8 communicate at the center of the engineblock, and that all of the pistons 9 have tapered inner ends or heads 32with slightly curved extremities so that at the eX- treinity of theirAinward strokes a relatively lsmall space 33 is provided, and radialspaces cylinders 3.

are provided between the pistons so as to insure an efficient operationafter ignition and during the working strokes of the pistons.

The pistons 9 are provided in their working V faces with check valves 34for a purpose if which will more fully hereinafter appear.

The engine block at its center and at one side thereof is formed with anair chamber 35 in open communication with all of the cylinders and withthe space 33 above referred to. The outer wall ofthis chamber 35 has airinlet ports 36 r.which are normally closed by a check valve 37 openinginwardly. The ports 36,2111 communicate with radial passages 38,"theends'of'whichconstitute ports 39 communicating with the interior of theside of lthe engine, where the valve 37 and passages 38 are located, aroller or other anti-friction thrust bearing 40 is pro- At this samedi*vided between the enlargement 2 of the ento Y lgine bloclrA and aldisk-like head 41Vfixed the bearing sleeve 4 of the engine casing B. A'relatively large air chamber 42 is 'formed in the end of theenlargement 2, and a fan or blower 43 is located in a fanchamber 44 inthe head 41.* ff Y A series of radial air inlet ports 45 areA providedyin the head 44 and communicate with the air chamber 42. Y

The fan or blower casing 44 has exhaust ports 47 in its walls throughwhich air is drawn out of the chamber 42 by the action of the fan 43,and it will be understood that as the fan revolves a continuous flow ofswirling 4air will be had within the chamber 42 to maintain the bearing'cool.

The head 41 has an extension 49 thereon to which one end of a. shaft 50is fixed, and this shaft constitutes the driving shaftof the engine,although it is also possible to take ofi' power from the periphery ofthe casing B.

The engine block A at the side thereof opposite to thel valve 37 isformed with a chamber or space 51 1n open communication with theinteriorrofv all of the cylinders and with the space 33 above referredto. An injection nozzle 52 is mounted inA the enlargement 1 yandcommunicates ywith the spacev or chamber 51. l

The casingB is provided with airinlet lcheclrvalves-r '61 and air escapegoverning .valves 62. The valves 61 open inwardly and the valves 62 openoutwardly, and said valves 62 are appre'ciably smaller and controlsmaller Vports'than do thegv'alves 61, and are useful only in preventingover-pressure within the engine casing.

vThe engine block A may have any suitable arrangement of water jackets63 in communication with inlet and outlet passages 64 and 65,respectively, and a normally closed inlet- 66 may be provided in theenlargement 1 for thelinsertionkof lubricant into the casing,

f Larmes i' thereof with passages 67, which are exhaust 'aio (iii

passages, each of which connects a; pair of cylindersS, and the ends ofsaid passages constitute exhaust ports 68 which are opened and closed bythe working pistons 9.

'Ihese passages 67 communicate with eX- haustimanifolds 69 for freeexhaust of the burnt gases. `The passages 67 and the mani folds 69 areinthe side of the block opposite t that side of theblock in which thepassages 38 are located.

The operation of my improved engine as above described is as follows: Y.

Figures 1 and-2 illustrate the pistons in their eXtreme inwardpositions, which are, of course, the firing positions in a two-cycleengine. In thisV position, where. the engine is ofthe' Diesel type, theair is under the proper pressure so that when there a vfuel injectionfrom the nozzle 51 the chargewill burn, and expand and force the pistonsoutwardly,constituting the working strokes 0f the pistons.

It will be noted that the air passages Lil communicate with the ends ofthe cylinders 4 at a point where they are open at all times, so that thepressure within these passages is never lower than the pressure withinthe casing. During the working stroke of the pistons the valves 87 and34 are maintained in closed position by the pressure. within thecylinders.

`When-the pistons near the extremes of their outward strokes theyuncover or open the passages 67, so that the exhaust gases, rush throughthese passages and through the man1- folds 69 instantly lowering thepressure in the space between the pistons. The outward movement of thepistons in- .creases the pressure of air within the casing so that asthese pistons move outwardly and the pressure falls within the spacebetween the pistons, due to the exhaust ofthe burnt gases through thepassages 67, the air inlet valve'37 will be opened and the air will rushinto the space between the pistons and through the cylinders to forceout the burnt gases through the passages 67.

As the pressure in the casing becomes greater than the pressure betweenthe pistons the valves 34' in thepiston heads will also open so thatthere will be an inrush of air through the pistons, as well as pastthevalve 34, to completely scavenge the engine and y provide a fresh chargeof air for compression on the inward or compression strokes of thepistons.

The positions of the several valves, pis-f` tons, etc., on theoutwardstrokes ofthe Y ristons are illustratedV in Figures 3 .and 4 of thedrawings, the taper of theI pistons beingsuch that whilethe inwardextremities of the pistons are beyond the ports-68. of passages 67, thewide walls of said pistons are beyond the said passages of the ports, asindicated clearly in Figure i of the drawings.. 1

In a. very real sense the opening of the valves charge ofV fresh airwhich is compressed to a maximum degreev within the casing bythe outwardmovement of the pistons, soV that as the pistons v'begin theirinwardstroke's'the air entrapped between the pistons is at a yrelativelyhigh pressure so :that the inward movements of the pistons bring thepressure to a degree suflicient for Diesel engine operation.

It is my belief'that the casing, by reason of these rapid revolutions,induces by centrifugal or centripetal force an intake of air which isalso an aid to higher air compression, which is desirable 'and whichvaries in accordance with the speed Vof the engine.

lVVhile'I have illustrated what I believe to 34e in the pistonv headsadmits a super-- be the preferred embodiment of my invention, y

it is to be .distinctly understood that various Y' slight changes may bemadewith regard to the form-and arrangement of parts without departing.fromv my invention, and hence I do not limit myself to the precisedetails set forth but consider myself at liberty to'make" such changesand alterations as fairly fall within the spiritand scope of the claims.

What I claim is: l

l. A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a blockhaving'radially arranged cylinders communicating at their inner ends,pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, an air-tight casingmounted to turn on the block, enclosing the block and to `which rotarymotion is imparted b v the pistons, said block having air passagesycommunicating with'the interior of the casing, a check yi l valveadmitting air from said passages to the Y space between the pistons',said block having exhaust' passages therein opened by the pistons ontheir outwardstrokes, and valves inthe heads of the pistons.

" 2. A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a block havingradially arranged Y cylinders communicating at their inner ends,

pistons mounted to reciprocate in the vcyl-r inders, an air-tight casingmounted to turn on the block, enclosing the block and to which rotarymotion is imparted by the pistons, said block having air passagescommunicating with the interior of the casing, a check valve admittingair` from said passages tothe spacebetween the pistons, said blockhaving' vexhaust passages therein opened by the pistons on their outwardstrokes, Aand valves in. the headsfof theV pistons, said valves openedby the pressure of air back of them, the valves in the pistons openingto admit air under highest compression within vthe casing, whereby a twostage scavenging action is had.

`headsuefV the pistons, said Vpistons having tapering inner heads, thevalves of the pistons located in the extremities of said tapering heads.i

4. A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a block havingradially arranged cylinders,communicating at their inner ends, pistonsmounted to reciprocate in the `cylinders, an air-tight casing mounted toturn on the block, enclosing the block and to which rotary motion isimparted bythe pistons, said block `having lair Vpassages communicating,with the interiorof'the casing, a check valve admitting air from saidpassages to the space between 'the pistons, said block having exhaustpassages therein opened by the pistons on their outward strokes, andvalves in the heads of the pistons, said valves open-ed by the pressureof air back of them, the valves in the pistons opening tc admit airunder highest compression within the casing.

A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a block having radiallyarranged cylinders communicating at their inner ends,

pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, an air-tight casingmounted to turn on the block, enclosing the block andto which rotaryvmotion is imparted by the pistons, said block having air passagescommunicating withthe interior of the casing, a check valve admittingair from said passages to the space betweeen thepistons, said blockhaving eX- haust passages therein opened bv the pistons on their outwardstrokes, valves in the heads of the pistons, said exhaust passages eachcon-V necting` two of the cylinders, and exhaust manifolds communicatingwith said passages.

6. A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a bloc-k havingradiallyV arranged cylinders communicating at their inner ends, pistonsmounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, an air-tight casing mounted toturn on the block,'enclosing the block and to which rotary motion isimparted by the pistons, said `block .having air passages,lcommunicating with the interior of the casing, a check valve admittingair from said passages to the space between the pistons, said blockhaving ex- .liaust passages therein opened by the pistons on theiroutward strokes, valves inthe heads of the pistons, said valves openedby the pressure of air back of them, the valves in the therein, pistonsmounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, exhaustpassages in the vblockconnecting each and all of said cylinders and normally opened by thepistons only when the latter are adjacent their outward extreme ofmovement, and check valves in the pistons opened by air pressure whichrushes through the pistons as the pistons reach the ends of theiroutward strokes.

9. An internal combustion engine Iof the two-cycle type comprising ablock having communicating radially positioned cylinders therein,pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, exhaust passages in theblock connecting each and all of said cylinders and normally opened bythe pistons only when the latter are adjacent their outward extreme ofmovement, and check valves in the pistons 'opened by air pressure whichrushes through the pistons as the pistons reach the ends of theiroutward strokes, said pressure of air being caused by thecutwardmovement of the pistons. f Y fr 10. An internal combustion engine of thetwo-cycle type comprising a block having communicating radiallypositioned cylinders therein, pistons mounted to reciprocate in thecylinders, passages connecting each of said cylinders and normallyopened by the pistons only when the latter are adjacent their outwardextreme of movement, check valves in the pistons opened by air pressurewhich rushes through the pistons as the pistons reach the ends of theiroutwardstrokes, a

rotary casing mounted in the block and tov which rotary movementisimparted by the pistons, saidy casing constituting an air chamber inwhich air is compressed by the movement of the pistons.n Y

.11. An internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type comprising ablock having communicating radially positioned cylinders therein,pistons mounted to reciprocate vin the cylinders, passages connectingeachof Asaid Vcylinders and normally opened by the whereby a two stagescavenging action is had. 12. An internal combustion engine of thetwo-cycle type including a stationary block, a rotary hollow air-tightcasing mounted toV turn on the block, reciprocating pistons in the blockhaving a common compression chamber, passa-ges in the block in openVcommunication with .the casing, aV check valve controlling the entranceof air from said passages to the compression chamber, exhaust passagesin the block controlled bythe pistons, and super-charging valves in theheads of the pistons open only as the pistons reach the extreme of theiroutward movements. Y

FRANCIS M. DAINTON. Y

